Essential Vitamins
Chromium
Trace element linked to glucose and insulin metabolism. Supplement effectiveness remains variable; caution advised for individuals on antidiabetic medication.
Iodine
Essential trace element for thyroid function and metabolism. Both deficiency and excess can disrupt hormonal balance.
Magnesium
Essential mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions. Supports sleep, relaxation, blood sugar balance, and muscle function. Bioavailability varies greatly between forms.
Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)
Heart, brain, and joint health — an essential anti-inflammatory and cellular protector.
Vitamin A (Retinol & Carotenoids)
Essential for vision, skin, and immunity. Caution with excess retinol (preformed vitamin A), especially during pregnancy.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Essential for red blood cell formation, neurological health, and energy production. Deficiency risk increases in vegetarians, vegans, and older adults.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Major antioxidant involved in immunity, wound healing, collagen synthesis, and iron absorption. Limited effect on common colds.
Vitamin D (D2 & D3)
Fat-soluble vitamin essential for bone, muscle, and immune health. Deficiency is common, especially during winter.
Vitamin E (Tocopherols & Tocotrienols)
Major fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cell membranes (mainly α-tocopherol). Deficiency is rare; high-dose supplementation is not justified in healthy individuals.
Vitamin K1 (Phylloquinone)
Plant-derived form of vitamin K, essential for blood coagulation and bone metabolism. Dietary intake generally meets needs, except in specific medical situations.
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Fat-soluble vitamin involved in blood coagulation and calcium transport (bones ↔︎ vessels). MK-7 stands out for its longer half-life and superior bioavailability.