Ginkgo biloba
Updated: 2025-10-07
Overview
Ginkgo biloba, the sacred tree of Asia, is one of the most extensively studied plants for cerebral circulation and memory support.
Its standardized extract (EGb 761) contains antioxidant flavonoids and neuroprotective terpenoids, which improve brain perfusion and mental alertness.
Ideal for enhancing cognitive performance, focus, and mental well-being.
What the Evidence Shows
| Domain | Evidence Level | Observed Effects |
|---|---|---|
| Memory & cognition | Moderate to high | Improves memory, concentration, and processing speed. |
| Circulation & dizziness | High | Increases brain blood flow and reduces dizziness. |
| Anxiety & mood | Moderate | Decreases stress and enhances calmness. |
| Eye health | Preliminary | Improves retinal microcirculation. |
Overall level: moderate to high, supported by multiple clinical meta-analyses.
Mechanism of Action
- Flavonoids boost nitric oxide (NO) production → enhanced vasodilation.
- Terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalide) reduce blood viscosity and improve capillary flow.
- Antioxidant action neutralizes free radicals in the brain.
- Protects neurons from ischemic and oxidative aging damage.
💊 Dosage & Forms
| Form | Typical Dose | Concentration | Timing |
|---|---|---|---|
| EGb 761 extract | 120–240 mg/day | 24% flavones, 6% terpenoids | Morning or midday |
| Long-term use | ≥4–6 weeks | — | Cumulative results |
| Liquid / infusion | Variable | — | Gentle daily option |
💡 Optimal cognition combo: Bacopa (memory) + Ginkgo (circulation) = complete synergistic effect.
Useful Synergies
| Combination | Main Effect |
|---|---|
| Ginkgo + Gotu Kola | Circulation + tissue and neuronal regeneration. |
| Ginkgo + Bacopa | Memory + mental clarity. |
| Ginkgo + Omega-3 | Neuronal and vascular protection. |
| Ginkgo + Magnesium | Reduced oxidative stress and better sleep. |
🟢 Proven Benefits
- Enhances memory and concentration.
- Improves cerebral and peripheral microcirculation.
- Protects neurons from oxidative aging.
- Helps reduce dizziness and mild tinnitus.
🟡 Still Under Study
- Effectiveness varies by form and dosage.
- No proven benefit for severe cognitive disorders (e.g., advanced Alzheimer’s).
- Results depend on consistent long-term use (≥4 weeks).
⚠️ Risks & Interactions
- Consult a healthcare professional if you are taking anticoagulants, planning surgery, or are pregnant.
- May cause headaches or palpitations at high doses.
- Enhances the effect of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and NSAIDs.
- Avoid combining with warfarin, aspirin, or high-dose ginseng.
✅ Quality Tips
- Choose a standardized EGb 761 extract for purity and efficacy.
- Avoid non-standardized or low-quality blends.
- Combine with hydration and mental activity for best cognitive results.
Sources
- https://ods.od.nih.gov/
- https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada.html
- https://examine.com/supplements/ginkgo-biloba/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32917038/
- PubMed (32917038) — Meta-analysis: cognition & perfusion
- Examine.com — Ginkgo Biloba Overview
- NIH/ODS — Ginkgo Biloba
- Health Canada — Herbal Extract Safety
⚠️ Educational information. Always seek professional advice.